{"id":2410,"date":"2012-09-02T09:18:51","date_gmt":"2012-09-02T09:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/polonus.sk\/?p=421"},"modified":"2012-09-02T09:18:51","modified_gmt":"2012-09-02T09:18:51","slug":"niektore-osobnosti-slovenskej-literatury-19-storocia-a-ich-vztah-k-poliakom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/niektore-osobnosti-slovenskej-literatury-19-storocia-a-ich-vztah-k-poliakom\/","title":{"rendered":"Niektor\u00e9 osobnosti slovenskej literat\u00fary 19. storo\u010dia a ich vz\u0165ah k Poliakom"},"content":{"rendered":"


\nArtyku\u0142 dost\u0119pny w j. s\u0142owackim<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
S\u0142owacy w polskich oczach.Konferencja \u017dilina . m.in. W.Oszcz\u0119da, Micha\u0142 Jagie\u0142\u0142o,..<\/figcaption><\/figure> <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Niektor\u00e9 osobnosti slovenskej literat\u00fary 19. storo\u010dia a ich vz\u0165ah k Poliakom<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pr\u00edspevok nadv\u00e4zuje na publik\u00e1ciu po\u013esk\u00e9ho autora Micha\u0142a Jagie\u0142\u0142o pt. \u201e<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
S\u0142owacy w polskich oczach.Konferencja \u017dilina . m.in. W.Oszcz\u0119da, Micha\u0142 Jagie\u0142\u0142o,..<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201c (Slov\u00e1ci po\u013esk\u00fdmi o\u010dami. Obraz Slov\u00e1kov v\u00a0po\u013eskej literat\u00fare)<\/em>. <\/em>T\u00fato vz\u00e1cnu a\u00a0 z\u00a0 faktografick\u00e9ho a vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska zatia\u013e neprekonate\u013en\u00fa pr\u00e1cu o\u00a0vn\u00edman\u00ed Slov\u00e1kov Poliakmi, najm\u00e4 v\u00a0 obdob\u00ed vzniku n\u00e1rodnej obrody a\u00a0vedomia slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda,\u00a0 nap\u00edsal v\u00fdznamn\u00fd po\u013esk\u00fd prozaik, b\u00e1snik a\u00a0esejista. Z\u00a0diela vydan\u00e9ho v\u00a02005 roku po\u013eskou N\u00e1rodnou kni\u017enicou, pozorn\u00fd \u010ditate\u013e m\u00f4\u017ee okrem in\u00e9ho z\u00edska\u0165 ve\u013ea cenn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o\u00a0dejin\u00e1ch Slovenska, hnut\u00ed o\u00a0pr\u00e1vo pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 vlastn\u00fd jazyk a\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00fa identitu. Obsahuje mno\u017estvo pozn\u00e1mok zo \u017eivota osobnost\u00ed slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho a\u00a0kult\u00farno-liter\u00e1rneho \u017eivota 19. storo\u010dia, ktor\u00e9 poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa zo str\u00e1nok vyh\u013eadan\u00fdch v po\u013esk\u00fdch arch\u00edvoch.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edspevok vych\u00e1dza z\u00a0 t\u00fdchto kni\u017ene dostupn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Zaober\u00e1 sa stru\u010dnou charakteristikou osobnost\u00ed a\u00a0 tvorby niektor\u00fdch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch slovensk\u00fdch liter\u00e1tov a\u00a0vlastencov, tak\u00fdch ako napr. Martin Med\u0148ansk\u00fd (Du\u0161an Sava Pepkin), J\u00e1n Kalin\u010diak, Samo Chal\u00fapka, Samo Tom\u00e1\u0161ik a\u00a0in\u00ed. Sna\u017e\u00ed sa sk\u00fama\u0165 vn\u00edmanie tak\u00fdchto osobnost\u00ed Poliakmi. Na konkr\u00e9tnych pr\u00edkladoch sa pok\u00fa\u0161a zisti\u0165 vz\u0165ah t\u00fdchto osobnost\u00ed k Poliakom a\u00a0Po\u013esku a\u00a0vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch po\u013esko-slovensk\u00fdch kontaktoch na ich tvorbu.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/p>\n

Tento rok si pripom\u00edname 170. v\u00fdro\u010die narodenia jedn\u00e9ho z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch slovensk\u00fdch polonofilov 19. storo\u010dia, Martina Med\u0148ansk\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Martin Med\u0148ansk\u00fd<\/strong> (1840-1899), slovensk\u00fd vlastenec, katol\u00edcky k\u0148az, publicista, b\u00e1snik, prozaik, prekladate\u013e, zn\u00e1my tie\u017e pod liter\u00e1rnym pseudonymom Du\u0161an Sava Pepkin alebo Martin Divinko-Svedernick\u00fd. Autor noviel, cestopisov a dvojzv\u00e4zkovej zbierky b\u00e1sn\u00ed Po\u00e9zia<\/em> Du\u0161ana Savu Pepkina <\/em>(1876). Svoje pr\u00e1ce, ako v tom \u010dase mnoho in\u00fdch slovensk\u00fdch vlastencov, publikoval v \u010dasopisoch a kalend\u00e1roch.<\/p>\n

Martin Med\u0148ansk\u00fd sa narodil 10. 11. 1840 v Divinke pri \u017diline a zomrel 3.11.1899 v obci Z\u00e1va\u017eie \u2013 Istebn\u00edk. P\u00f4sobil nieko\u013eko rokov na fare v\u00a0Beckove.<\/p>\n

Pova\u017eovan\u00fd bol za surrealistu v uv\u00e1dzan\u00ed vo\u013en\u00e9ho ver\u0161a na slovensk\u00fa liter\u00e1rnu sc\u00e9nu, vo vo\u013ebe svojho pseudonymu ako aj vo v\u00fdbere t\u00e9m pre svoje balady (\u017dofia Bosniakova, \u017didovka, Krvav\u00e9 l\u00e1zne – balada o Al\u017ebete B\u00e1thoryovej).<\/p>\n

Patril do okruhu slovensk\u00fdch vlastencov,\u00a0 ktor\u00ed z \u00faprimn\u00e9ho srdca milovali svoj n\u00e1dhern\u00fd jazyk a svoj \u013eud, za\u010dali pre\u0148 p\u00edsa\u0165 jeho materinsk\u00fdm jazykom a sna\u017eili sa tvori\u0165 vlastn\u00fa, osobitn\u00fa literat\u00faru, odli\u0161n\u00fa od \u010deskej.<\/p>\n

Martin Med\u0148ansk\u00fd, pod\u013ea n\u00e1zoru Ivana Franka (1856-1916), v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho ukrajinsk\u00e9ho spisovate\u013ea a publicistu, v peknom zborn\u00edku p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch i prelo\u017een\u00fdch ver\u0161ov \u201euk\u00e1zal cel\u00fa stupnicu t\u00f3nov a pocitov \u2013 od hlbokej, z h\u013abky du\u0161e vyvieraj\u00facej melanch\u00f3lie, po zrete\u013en\u00e9 prejavy radosti.\u201d Vtedy len dvadsa\u0165ro\u010dn\u00fd \/1876\/ I. Franko si tie\u017e v\u0161imol, \u017ee v b\u00e1s\u0148ach Martina Med\u0148ansk\u00e9ho \u201esilno zaznievaj\u00fa v\u0161etky nov\u0161ie \u00eddey slobody slova a citu, povznesenia a \u0161\u0165astia n\u00e1roda. Jeho jazyk je melodick\u00fd, v\u0161etky obrazy \u017eivo vypl\u00fdvaj\u00fa z n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho \u017eivota a sveton\u00e1h\u013eadu…\u201c. Mlad\u00fd posluch\u00e1\u010d filozofie na \u013evovskej univerzite oce\u0148oval pr\u00e1cu slovensk\u00e9ho b\u00e1snika najm\u00e4 z vlasteneck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska. Videl v nej zdrav\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky slovensk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, z ktor\u00fdch sa \u00faprimne te\u0161il.<\/p>\n

Objavila sa tie\u017e kritika b\u00e1sn\u00ed Med\u0148ansk\u00e9ho, ktorej autorom bol Jaroslav Vl\u010dek (1860-1930), klasik liter\u00e1rnej hist\u00f3rie, liter\u00e1rny kritik, editor. Uveden\u00fd slovensk\u00fd kritik vo svojej pr\u00e1ci \u201eO Slovensku a slovenskej literat\u00fare\u201c – Nov\u0161ia slovensk\u00e1 po\u00e9zia a Vajansk\u00e9ho b\u00e1sne \u201eTatry a more\u201c, uverejnenej v\u00a0roku 1879 v\u00a0\u010dasopise Slovansk\u00e9 listy <\/em>\u010d.121, 122 vo vz\u0165ahu k\u00a0zbierke Med\u0148ansk\u00e9ho kriticky poznamenal:<\/p>\n

\u201eAk\u00fdsi pseudonym Du\u0161an Sava Pepkin vydal dva zv\u00e4zky svojich \u201ePo\u00e9zi\u00ed\u201c (!) v n\u00e1dhernej \u00faprave; po\u00e9zia, ktor\u00fa mo\u017eno pr\u00e1vom nazva\u0165 satirou na po\u00e9ziu. Ani by sme sa o tom m\u0155tvom decku nezmie\u0148ovali, keby autor nebol pri\u0161iel na ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fa my\u0161lienku: venova\u0165 obidve kni\u017eky gr\u00f3fovi Harrachovi a z\u00edska\u0165 za odberate\u013eov vy\u0161e sto Poliakov, ktor\u00fdm neodv\u00e1\u017enym skutkom diskreditoval slovensk\u00fa po\u00e9ziu\u00a0 u\u00a0\u00a0zbratan\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov.\u201c<\/p>\n

V\u00a0Po\u00e9zii<\/em> sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa slovensk\u00e9 preklady niektor\u00fdch po\u013esk\u00fdch b\u00e1sn\u00ed Adama Mickiewicza (Reneg\u00e1t<\/em>, Smr\u0165 plukovn\u00edka<\/em>, Noc\u013eah<\/em>, L\u00fa\u010denie Childe Harolda<\/em>), Ign\u00e1ca Krasick\u00e9ho (Na\u00a0myse\u013e<\/em>, Modlitba<\/em>, Na Michala<\/em>), Seweryna Goszczy\u0144skiego (Rozmluva so sl\u00e1vikom<\/em>, Potok \u017eivota<\/em>, \u0160\u0165astie \u010dloveka<\/em>), Karola Brodzi\u0144sk\u00e9ho (Kloe<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Jednu zo svojich b\u00e1sn\u00ed venoval rodisku v\u00a0Divinke (Moje rodisko<\/em>, Eheu fugaces Posthume, Posthume, labuntur anni \u2013 Horatius, \u00d3dy<\/em>, 2. kniha) a\u00a0in\u00fa nap\u00edsal v\u00a0kysuckom n\u00e1re\u010d\u00ed (K<\/em>ysuck\u00e1 v\u00a0kysuckom n\u00e1re\u010d\u00ed<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Zo zn\u00e1mych z\u00a0mena, priezviska a\u00a0adresy 219 odberate\u013eov Po\u00e9zi\u00ed <\/em>a\u017e 83 poch\u00e1dzalo z\u00a0Po\u013eska a\u00a0prevzalo si 106 v\u00fdtla\u010dkov diela.<\/p>\n

Martin Med\u0148ansk\u00fd bol tie\u017e zn\u00e1my polonofil. Poznal po\u013esk\u00fd jazyk a\u00a0priatelil sa s\u00a0mno\u017estvom Poliakov. Udr\u017eiaval napr\u00edklad ve\u013emi srde\u010dn\u00e9 priate\u013estvo s\u00a0Agatonom Gillerom (1831-1877), po\u013esk\u00fdm spisovate\u013eom, cestovate\u013eom a\u00a0publicistom, ktor\u00e9mu poskytoval inform\u00e1cie o\u00a0Slov\u00e1koch pre redakciu lvovsk\u00e9ho \u010dasopisu \u201eRuch Literacki\u201c. A. Giller srde\u010dne spom\u00edna na Med\u0148ansk\u00e9ho v\u00a0diele Z\u00a0podr\u00f3\u017cy po kraju s\u0142owackim<\/em> (1876, Lw\u00f3w), ktor\u00e9 autor venoval \u201eslovensk\u00fdm vlastencom\u201c (\u201epatriotom s\u0142owackim\u201c) a\u00a0ktor\u00e9 bolo prvou ob\u0161\u00edrnou pr\u00e1cou o\u00a0ju\u017enom susedovi Po\u013eska. Prame\u0148om pre knihu A. Gillera boli najm\u00e4 pr\u00e1ce Franti\u0161ka V\u00ed\u0165azoslava Sasinka (1830-1914), t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa dej\u00edn Slovenska. Publik\u00e1cia Gillera umo\u017enila tie\u017e, okrem in\u00fdch publik\u00e1ci\u00ed, \u00a0aby sa Slovensko a\u00a0Slov\u00e1ci dostali do povedomia Poliakov. Tak, ako vtedaj\u0161ie slovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 obrodenie a\u00a0jeho pozit\u00edvne vn\u00edmanie Poliakmi, ktor\u00e9 Agaton Giller vo\u013eakedy vyjadril takto: \u201eS\u0142owacy s\u0105 jednym z najpoczciwszych i\u00a0najnieszcz\u0119\u015bliwejszych plemien s\u0142owia\u0144skich.\u201c (Slov\u00e1ci s\u00fa jedn\u00fdm z \u00a0najpoctivej\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0najne\u0161\u0165astnej\u0161\u00edch slovansk\u00fdch kme\u0148ov.)<\/p>\n

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Inou osobnos\u0165ou slovensk\u00e9ho spolo\u010densko-kult\u00farneho \u017eivota 19. storo\u010dia bol J\u00e1n Kalin\u010diak<\/strong> pseudonym Janko, J.K., Ka\u010dnil\u00e1k (1822-1871), slovensk\u00fd spisovate\u013e, b\u00e1snik, estetik, liter\u00e1rny kritik, pedag\u00f3g, teoretik, formuluj\u00faci estetick\u00e9 princ\u00edpy romantizmu.<\/p>\n

V 1858 roku sa J\u00e1n Kalin\u010diak stal riadite\u013eom \u0160t\u00e1tneho evanjelick\u00e9ho gymn\u00e1zia v\u00a0Te\u0161\u00edne. Toto gymn\u00e1zium v\u00a0roku n\u00e1stupu Kalin\u010diaka do funkcie nav\u0161tevovalo 247 \u0161tudentov, z\u00a0toho bolo 115 Poliakov, 44 \u010cechov a\u00a0Moravanov, 28 Slov\u00e1kov, 1 Srb, 5 Ma\u010farov, 37 Nemcov a 7 Izraelitov. Kalin\u010diak p\u00f4sobil v\u00a0te\u0161\u00ednskej \u0161kole a\u017e do 1869 roku, kedy bol z\u00a0politick\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov pred\u010dasne penzionovan\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Te\u0161il sa ve\u013ekej ob\u013eube a\u00a0 autorite medzi \u0161tudentami. Do n\u00edm riaden\u00e9ho gymn\u00e1zia nav\u0161tevovan\u00e9ho najm\u00e4 Poliakmi, Nemcami a\u00a0\u010cechmi, sa prihlasovalo dos\u0165 ve\u013ea Slov\u00e1kov. Kalin\u010diak bol ku v\u0161etk\u00fdm \u0161tudentom tolerantn\u00fd a neprip\u00fa\u0161\u0165al n\u00e1rodnostn\u00e9 rozpory. Dok\u00e1zal legalizova\u0165 tajn\u00fd spolok slovensk\u00fdch \u0161tudentov Sl\u00e1via<\/em>. Ako prozaik bol pod ve\u013ek\u00fdm vplyvom\u00a0 romantick\u00fdch diel Micha\u0142a Czajkowskiego (1804-1886).<\/p>\n

Ve\u013emi akt\u00edvne spolupracoval s\u00a0po\u013esk\u00fdmi vlastencami. V\u00a0 Tygodniku Cieszy\u0144skim<\/em> a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r w Gwiazdce Cieszy\u0144skiej<\/em> zverej\u0148oval svoje pr\u00e1ce a\u00a0propagoval slovensk\u00fa publicistick\u00fa a\u00a0liter\u00e1rnu tvorbu. Priatelil sa s Paw\u0142om Stalmachom (1824-1891), po\u013esk\u00fdm novin\u00e1rom, publicistom, vlastencom, ktor\u00fd po ukon\u010den\u00ed gymn\u00e1zia v\u00a0Te\u0161\u00edne sa \u010fal\u0161ie dva roky vzdel\u00e1val v\u00a0evanjelickom l\u00fdceum v\u00a0Bratislave. Tam Stalmach udr\u017eiaval kontakty s\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi Slov\u00e1kmi \u2013 Jankom Kr\u00e1\u013eom, Viliamom Paul\u00edny-T\u00f3thom, \u013dudov\u00edtom \u0160t\u00farom.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0sliezskom Te\u0161\u00edne na\u0161iel v\u00a01866 roku exil a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r zomrel Michal Miloslav Hod\u017ea (1811-1870).<\/p>\n

V\u00a0miestnom gymn\u00e1zium sa vzdel\u00e1val slovensk\u00fd b\u00e1snik a spisovate\u013e Svetoz\u00e1r Hurban Vajansk\u00fd (1847-1916), vlastn\u00fdm menom Svetoz\u00e1r Miloslav Hurb<\/em>an<\/em> a\u00a0lyrik Gust\u00e1v Lojko (1843-1871) zn\u00e1my pod pseudonymom Hostiv\u00edt Tisovsk\u00fd.<\/p>\n

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Osobn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti s\u00a0Po\u013eskom a\u00a0Poliakmi mal Samo Chalupka<\/strong> (1812-1883), najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00ed slovensk\u00fd romantick\u00fd b\u00e1snik, evanjelick\u00fd k\u0148az, spoluautor Memoranda slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda.<\/p>\n

Samo Chalupka, ako \u0161tudent evanjelick\u00e9ho l\u00fdcea v\u00a0Bratislave sa stal spoluzakladate\u013eom a\u00a0\u010dlenom \u0161t\u00farovskej Spolo\u010dnosti \u010desko-slovanskej v\u00a0Bratislave (1829). Ako knihovn\u00edk vykladal na sch\u00f4dzkach Sl\u00e1vy dc\u00e9ru<\/em> od J\u00e1na Koll\u00e1ra. Odu\u0161evnen\u00fd jej my\u0161lienkami sa rozhodol z\u00fa\u010dastni\u0165 sa v\u00a0po\u013eskom n\u00e1rodnooslobodzovacom hnut\u00ed. S\u00a0t\u00fdm cie\u013eom ileg\u00e1lne pre\u0161iel rak\u00fasko-rusk\u00fa hranicu zriaden\u00fa na \u00fazem\u00ed rozdelen\u00e9ho Po\u013eska. Spolu s\u00a0Jozefom Pravoslavom Bellom a \u00a0J. Lehotsk\u00fdm sa dobrovo\u013ene pridal do \u00a0po\u013esk\u00e9ho povstania proti c\u00e1rskemu samoder\u017eaviu, ktor\u00e9 vypuklo v\u00a0Po\u013esku v\u00a0novembri 1830 roku. Po\u010das povstaleck\u00fdch bojov bol ranen\u00fd a\u00a0vr\u00e1til sa do vlasti. \u00da\u010das\u0165 v\u00a0po\u013eskom povstan\u00ed ho priviedla spolu s\u00a0Alexandrom Boleslavinom Vrchovsk\u00fdm do tajn\u00e9ho slovensk\u00e9ho spolku \u201eVz\u00e1jomnos\u0165\u201c, ktor\u00fd udr\u017eiaval \u010dul\u00e9 kontakty s\u00a0\u010deskou a\u00a0po\u013eskou revolu\u010dnou ml\u00e1de\u017eou. Nesk\u00f4r \u0161tudoval teol\u00f3giu vo Viedni (1833), kde nadviazal kontakty s\u00a0po\u013esk\u00fdmi \u0161tudentmi. Tam tie\u017e s\u00a0pr\u00e1vnikom A. Vrchovsk\u00fdm pripravil program ur\u010den\u00fd pre slovensk\u00fa ml\u00e1de\u017e, ktor\u00fd uskuto\u010d\u0148oval \u013d. \u0160t\u00far. Pod vplyvom \u0160t\u00fara a\u00a0jeho n\u00e1zorov orientovan\u00fdch na c\u00e1rske Rusko, zmenil \u010diasto\u010dne svoju polonofilsk\u00fa orient\u00e1ciu. Je to najm\u00e4 zrejm\u00e9 z V\u0161eslav<\/em> (Wszechs\u0142owianin<\/em>), kde sa tr\u00e1pi nen\u00e1vis\u0165ou, ktor\u00e1 vl\u00e1dne medzi Rusmi a\u00a0Poliakmi.<\/p>\n

\u017divot a\u00a0dielo Sama Chalupku najv\u00fdsti\u017enej\u0161ie charakterizuje dvojver\u0161 vytesan\u00fd na jeho hrobe:<\/p>\n

\u201ePravde \u017eil som, krivdu bil som<\/em><\/p>\n

verne n\u00e1rod m\u00f4j \u013e\u00fabil som.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Vrel\u00fdm sympatizantom Poliakov bol Alexander Boleslav\u00edn Vrchovsk\u00fd<\/strong> (1812-1865), slovensk\u00fd pr\u00e1vnik z\u00a0Viedne, bl\u00edzky spolupracovn\u00edk \u013d. \u0160t\u00fara, spoluzakladate\u013e a\u00a0popredn\u00fd \u010dlen spolku Spolo\u010dnosti \u010desko-slovanskej v\u00a0Bratislave a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r tajn\u00e9ho spolku Vz\u00e1jomnos\u0165 <\/em>(1837-1840). <\/em><\/p>\n

A.B. Vrchovsk\u00fd najsk\u00f4r akt\u00edvne p\u00f4sobil v\u00a0\u0161t\u00farovskej Spolo\u010dnosti \u010desko-slovanskej, ktor\u00e1 bola v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm centrom n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho \u017eivota mlad\u00fdch Slov\u00e1kov. Toto mlad\u00e9 slovensk\u00e9 hnutie bolo s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou celoeur\u00f3pskeho hnutia odporu proti reak\u010dn\u00fdm sil\u00e1m a\u00a0ich nadvl\u00e1de. Spom\u00ednan\u00e9 nadn\u00e1rodn\u00e9 hnutie malo vybudovan\u00e9 mnoho tajn\u00fdch i\u00a0polotajn\u00fdch centier, tak\u00fdch ako napr. Mlad\u00e9 Po\u013esko. Tieto organiz\u00e1cie, vr\u00e1tane slovensk\u00e9ho hnutia, sa zdru\u017eovali v spolo\u010dnnom medzin\u00e1rodnom zdru\u017een\u00ed Mlad\u00e1 Eur\u00f3pa (1834), ktor\u00e9ho cie\u013eom bola pr\u00edprava nov\u00fdch revolu\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdbuchov v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe a\u00a0vytvorenie feder\u00e1cie eur\u00f3pskych \u0161t\u00e1tov. Mlad\u00e9 slovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 hnutie sa prostredn\u00edctvom po\u013esk\u00fdch ute\u010dencov, emis\u00e1rov tajn\u00fdch politick\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed a revolu\u010dn\u00fdch spolkov v\u00a0Po\u013esku a\u00a0za jeho hranicami (Par\u00ed\u017e, \u0160vaj\u010diarsko), aj po\u013eskej ml\u00e1de\u017ee vo Viedni a\u00a0Bratislave, dostalo pod vplyv hnutia mladoeur\u00f3panov. Mlad\u00ed slovensk\u00fd n\u00e1rodniari, najm\u00e4 A.B. Vrchovsk\u00fd, J. Matu\u0161ka, S. Chalupka, nadv\u00e4zovali tajn\u00e9 styky s\u00a0podobne n\u00e1rodne zm\u00fd\u0161\u013eaj\u00facou slovanskou ml\u00e1de\u017eou. Za t\u00fdmto \u00fa\u010delom sa stretli napr\u00edklad v\u00a0r. 1835 v\u00a0Tren\u010dianskych Tepliciach so z\u00e1stupcami Zdru\u017een\u00e9ho po\u013esk\u00e9ho \u013eudu v\u00a0Krakove (Stowarzyszenie Ludu Polskiego). \u00a0Vplyvom spom\u00ednan\u00fdch kontaktov vznikol v\u00a0j\u00fani 1837 roku tajn\u00fd spolok Vz\u00e1jomnos\u0165<\/em>, ktor\u00fd bol odvoden\u00fd organiza\u010dne a\u00a0cie\u013emi na tajnom po\u013eskom spolku vilniusk\u00e9ho Towarzystwo Filomat\u00f3w (1817-1823). Vz\u00e1jomnos\u0165<\/em> plnila \u00falohu n\u00e1rodne v\u00fdchovn\u00fa, kult\u00farnu, organiza\u010dne stmeluj\u00facu aj politick\u00e9 in\u0161tit\u00facie. Mlad\u00fdch Slov\u00e1kov mimoriadne zauj\u00edmala a burcovala po\u013esk\u00e1 po\u00e9zia A. Mickiewicza, najm\u00e4 \u00d3da na mlados\u0165<\/em>, ktor\u00e1 bola manifestom pokrokovej po\u013eskej ml\u00e1de\u017ee.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm prekladate\u013eom diel A. Mickiewicza bol\u00a0 Karol Kuzm\u00e1ny (1806-1886), slovensk\u00fd spisovate\u013e, estetik, novin\u00e1r, priekopn\u00edk slovenskej prekladovej literat\u00fary, spoluzakladate\u013e a\u00a0podpredseda Matice slovenskej. Bol autorom svojr\u00e1znych bal\u00e1d. H\u013eadal nov\u00e9 cesty vo v\u00fdvine slovenskej literat\u00fary. Vo svojej tvorbe presadzoval liter\u00e1rny romantizmus, vhodne reagoval na p\u00e1l\u010div\u00e9 probl\u00e9my slovenskej spolo\u010dnosti a\u00a0pom\u00e1hal n\u00e1rodn\u00e9mu a\u00a0kult\u00farnemu \u017eivotu Slovenska. Prostredn\u00edctvom vyd\u00e1van\u00e9ho \u010dasopisu Hronka \u2013 Podtatransk\u00e9 z\u00e1bavnice<\/em> v\u00a0rokoch 1836-1838 v\u00a0 Banskej Bystrici propagoval slovansk\u00fa po\u00e9ziu, v\u00a0tom po\u013esk\u00fa, hlavne b\u00e1sne od A. Mickiewicza (N\u00e1vrat otce \u2013 Powr\u00f3t taty, \u015awitezianka) a\u00a0rozpr\u00e1vky od I. Krasickiego (Bajki).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Po\u013esk\u00fd vplyv je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165 si v tvorbe Samuela (Sama) Toma\u0161ika, pseudonym: Kozodolsk\u00fd, Tom\u00e1\u0161ek (1813-1887), slovensk\u00e9ho romantick\u00e9ho prozaika a\u00a0b\u00e1snika, evanjelick\u00e9ho k\u0148aza a\u00a0historika. Samo Tom\u00e1\u0161ik poch\u00e1dzal z\u00a0Gemera, kde z\u00edskal tie\u017e ni\u017e\u0161ie vzdelanie. Nesk\u00f4r sa vzdel\u00e1val v\u00a0l\u00fdceu v\u00a0Ke\u017emarku, Krakowe a\u00a0Wieliczke.<\/p>\n

Jeho najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ia hymnick\u00e1 piese\u0148 Hej, Slov\u00e1ci (p\u00f4vodne Na Slovany) vznikla v\u00a0r. 1834 po\u010das n\u00e1v\u0161tevy Prahy. Bola prejavom pob\u00farenia autora nad t\u00fdm, \u017ee v\u00a0uliciach mesta je po\u010du\u0165 viac nem\u010dinu ako \u010de\u0161tinu. Po v\u0161eslovanskom zjazde v\u00a0Prahe v\u00a0r. 1848 sa u\u017e ako piese\u0148 Hej, Slovan\u00e9 (Hej, Slovania) stala pies\u0148ou v\u0161etk\u00fdch Slovanov a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r aj hymnou niektor\u00fdch slovansk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov.<\/p>\n

Hudba piesne S. Tom\u00e1\u0161ika je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na znen\u00ed Mazurka D\u0105browskiego, piesne po\u013esk\u00fdch l\u00e9gi\u00ed v\u00a0Taliansku (1797) a\u00a0\u0161t\u00e1tnej hymny Po\u013eskej republiky. Od po\u013eskej hymny sa l\u00ed\u0161i len pomal\u0161\u00edm tempom.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ve\u013ek\u00fdm sympatizantom Po\u013eska a priate\u013eom Poliakov bol \u013dudov\u00edt \u0160t\u00far<\/strong> (1815-1856), najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00ed predstavite\u013e slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho \u017eivota a v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 osobnos\u0165 slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho obrodenia. \u0160t\u00far, ktor\u00fd v\u00fdborne ovl\u00e1dal nieko\u013eko jazykov, vr\u00e1tane po\u013e\u0161tiny, poznal samozrejme tvorbu A. Mickiewicza. Udr\u017eiaval osobn\u00e9 a kore\u0161ponden\u010dn\u00e9 kontakty s mno\u017estvom Poliakov. Boli medzi nimi liter\u00e1ti, redaktori r\u00f4znych \u010dasopisov, cestovatelia, z\u00e1stupcovia inteligencie a najm\u00e4 po\u013esk\u00ed \u0161tudenti vo Viedni a Bratislave. Medzi Poliakmi sa te\u0161il ve\u013ek\u00e9mu obdivu a v\u00e1\u017enosti za uskuto\u010d\u0148ovan\u00fa vlasteneck\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165. \u017dia\u013e, udalosti, ktor\u00e9 sa odohrali na sklonku jeho \u017eivota a nepriazniv\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia, v ktorej sa na\u0161iel v polovici 19. storo\u010dia, sa odzrkadlili v n\u00e1zoroch. Najm\u00e4 niektor\u00e9 \u0160\u0165\u00farove n\u00e1zory, uveden\u00e9 v diele Das Slawenthum und die Welt der Zukunft<\/em> (Slovanstvo a svet bud\u00facnosti<\/em> – S\u0142owia\u0144szczyzna i \u015bwiat przysz\u0142o\u015bci<\/em>) nap\u00edsanom v nemeckom jazyku a vydanom v 1852 roku je z ur\u010dit\u00e9ho poh\u013eadu mo\u017en\u00e9 hodnoti\u0165 ako kontroverzn\u00e9. \u0160t\u00farom navrhovan\u00e9 politick\u00e9 splynutie s c\u00e1rskym Ruskom, odmietnutie parlamentnej demokracie a vyzdvihovanie samoder\u017eavia, konvertovanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch Slovanov na pravosl\u00e1vie a in\u00e9, spolu s v\u00fd\u010ditkami vo\u010di Po\u013esku, \u017ee t\u00e1to krajina sa nechce podriadi\u0165 c\u00e1rskemu Rusku a pod., mu sp\u00f4sobili samozrejme pokles sympati\u00ed Poliakov. \u0160t\u00far, n\u00e1zormi prezentovan\u00fdmi v tomto diele, stratil tie\u017e naklonenos\u0165 Chorv\u00e1tov.<\/p>\n

Treba podotkn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee Slov\u00e1ci mali ve\u013emi radi po\u013esk\u00fa literat\u00faru. Poznali diela Adama Mickiewicza, Bronis\u0142awa Trentowskiego, Micha\u0142a Czajkowskiego, Kazimierza Brodzi\u0144skiego, Ignacego Krasickiego, Seweryna Goszczy\u0144skiego a in\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Preklady po\u013esk\u00fdch autorov uskuto\u010dnilo mno\u017estvo zn\u00e1mych slovensk\u00fdch liter\u00e1tov, napr. Pavol Dob\u0161insk\u00fd (1828-1885) \u2013 preklad balady A.Mickiewicza, J\u00e1n Botto\u00a0 (1829-1881) \u2013 preklady tvorby A.Mickiewicza, Pavol Orsz\u00e1gh Hviezdoslav (1849-1921) \u2013 preklady diel A. Mickiewicza, J. S\u0142owackiego.<\/p>\n

Po\u013esk\u00e1 t\u00e9ma sa vyskytuje aj v tvorbe \u013dudov\u00edta Kub\u00e1niho \u2013 ps. Hladovansk\u00fd (1830-1869), b\u00e1snika, prozaika, dramatika, liter\u00e1rneho kritika a polonofila, ktor\u00fd nap\u00edsal okrem\u00a0 in\u00e9ho v 1869 roku ver\u0161ovan\u00fa poves\u0165 Radziwillovna (Radziwi\u0142\u00f3wna), kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e1 po\u013esk\u00e1<\/em>\u201d, \u010derpaj\u00facu z po\u013esk\u00fdch dej\u00edn 16. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n

O po\u013eskom \u0161\u013eachticovi Zalewskom, skr\u00fdvaj\u00facom sa pod falo\u0161n\u00fdm menom v\u00a0Uhorsku, je veselohra \u201eDrot\u00e1r\u201d (1860) od J\u00e1na Pal\u00e1rika \/pseudonym Beskydov, J\u00e1n Beskydov\/ (1822-1870), dramatika a publicistu.<\/p>\n

Slovensko-po\u013esk\u00fa t\u00e9mu obsahuje tie\u017e \u010dl\u00e1nok Krakowiak S\u0142owak\u00f3w podtatrza\u0144skich<\/em> (Krakoviak podtatransk\u00fdch Slov\u00e1kov<\/em>) nap\u00edsan\u00fd Jankom \u010caj\u00e1kom pseudonym Lohinsk\u00fd (1830-1867), b\u00e1snikom \u0161t\u00farovskej gener\u00e1cie a zverejnen\u00fd v po\u013eskom \u010dasopis Przyjaciel Domowy<\/em> vo \u013dvove v 1863 roku.<\/p>\n

Skuto\u010dn\u00fdm \u201eoknom do sveta\u201d slovensk\u00e9ho \u010ditate\u013ea 19. storo\u010dia bol \u010dasopis Hronka \u2013 podtatransk\u00e1 z\u00e1bavnice<\/em>, liter\u00e1rna revue, ktor\u00fa\u00a0 vyd\u00e1val Karol Kuzm\u00e1ny v rokoch 1836 \u2013 1838 v Banskej Bystrici. V tomto \u010dasopise, vych\u00e1dzaj\u00facom 3-kr\u00e1t ro\u010dne, Kuzm\u00e1ny publikoval okrem in\u00e9ho preklady z diel vrcholn\u00fdch predstavite\u013eov svetovej literat\u00fary. Nech\u00fdbali medzi nimi aj uk\u00e1\u017eky z Mickiewiczovej po\u00e9zie a texty na po\u013esk\u00fa t\u00e9mu, ako napr. b\u00e1se\u0148 Poliak<\/em> od Karela Sabinu \u2013 Sabinsk\u00e9ho (1813-1877), \u010desk\u00e9ho spisovate\u013ea, politika a novin\u00e1ra, ktor\u00fd sa domnieval, \u017ee je synom po\u013esk\u00e9ho \u0161\u013eachtica a z tohto d\u00f4vodu mal ur\u010dit\u00fd citov\u00fd vz\u0165ah k Poliakom.<\/p>\n

Je tie\u017e samozrejmos\u0165ou, \u017ee Poliaci poznali u\u017e v\u00a0tomto \u010dase tvorbu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch slovensk\u00fdch spisovate\u013eov. Najm\u00e4 niektor\u00e9 diela J\u00e1na Koll\u00e1ra (Sl\u00e1vy dc\u00e9ra<\/em>, Prekliata<\/em> \u2013 C\u00f3ra S\u0142awy<\/em>, Przekl\u0119ta<\/em>), Pavla Jozefa \u0160af\u00e1rika (Slovansk\u00e9 staro\u017eitnosti<\/em> \u2013 Staro\u017cytno\u015bci s\u0142owia\u0144skie<\/em>) Pavla Orsz\u00e1gha Hviezdoslava (H\u00e1jnikova \u017eena<\/em> \u2013 <\/em>\u017bona gajowego<\/em>), <\/em>Svetoz\u00e1ra Hurbana Vajansk\u00e9ho (B\u00farka v\u00a0z\u00e1ti\u0161\u00ed<\/em>, Spod jarma<\/em> \u2013 Burza w zaciszu<\/em>, Spod jarzma<\/em>) a\u00a0tie\u017e b\u00e1snick\u00fa tvorbu Samo Chalupku (Mor ho!,<\/em> Likavsk\u00fd v\u00e4ze\u0148<\/em>, Star\u00fd v\u00e4ze\u0148<\/em>, Bolo a\u00a0bude<\/em>, Jun\u00e1k<\/em>, Bombura<\/em> \u2013 Morduj<\/em>, Likawski wi\u0119zie\u0144<\/em>, Stary wi\u0119zie\u0144<\/em>, By\u0142o i\u00a0b\u0119dzie<\/em>, Junak<\/em>, Bombur<\/em>), Jana Matu\u0161ku, Sama Tom\u00e1\u0161ika a\u00a0in\u00fdch slovensk\u00fdch liter\u00e1tov.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Je hodn\u00e9 pov\u0161imnutia, \u017ee ve\u013emi intenz\u00edvne, priate\u013esk\u00e9 a\u00a0vrel\u00e9 kontakty medzi Slov\u00e1kmi a\u00a0Poliakmi sa uskuto\u010d\u0148ovali v\u00a0\u010dase, ke\u010f obidva n\u00e1rody a\u00a0ich krajiny sa nach\u00e1dzali pod cudzou nadvl\u00e1dou.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zygmunt Mi\u0142kowski \/Tomasz Teodor Je\u017c\/ (1824-1915), po\u013esk\u00fd spisovate\u013e a politik, ktor\u00fd sa 1848 roku z\u00fa\u010dastnil uhorsk\u00e9ho povstania ako pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk Po\u013eskej l\u00e9gie v Uhorsku a po\u010das tohto obdobia za\u010dal sympatizova\u0165 so Slov\u00e1kmi. Nap\u00edsal poviedku S\u0142owaczka<\/em> (Slovenka<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Piese\u0148 o kr\u00e1\u013eovi Jane (Sobieskom)<\/em> \/Pie\u015b\u0144 o kr\u00f3lu Janie (Sobieskim)<\/em>\/ \u2013 slovensk\u00e9 liter\u00e1rne dielo.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Artyku\u0142 dost\u0119pny w j. s\u0142owackim     Niektor\u00e9 osobnosti slovenskej literat\u00fary 19. storo\u010dia a ich vz\u0165ah k Poliakom Pr\u00edspevok nadv\u00e4zuje na publik\u00e1ciu po\u013esk\u00e9ho autora Micha\u0142a Jagie\u0142\u0142o pt. \u201e \u201c (Slov\u00e1ci po\u013esk\u00fdmi o\u010dami. Obraz Slov\u00e1kov v\u00a0po\u013eskej literat\u00fare). T\u00fato vz\u00e1cnu a\u00a0 z\u00a0 faktografick\u00e9ho a vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska zatia\u013e neprekonate\u013en\u00fa pr\u00e1cu o\u00a0vn\u00edman\u00ed Slov\u00e1kov Poliakmi, najm\u00e4 v\u00a0 obdob\u00ed vzniku n\u00e1rodnej […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-z-dejin-polska-zaujimavosti-novinky-aktuality","category-waldemar-oszczeda"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2410","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/63"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2410"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2410\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}