{"id":527,"date":"2012-09-08T08:00:34","date_gmt":"2012-09-08T06:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/polonus.sk\/?p=527"},"modified":"2014-10-02T12:26:18","modified_gmt":"2014-10-02T10:26:18","slug":"polske-termopile-bitka-pri-wizne-7-10-09-1939","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/polske-termopile-bitka-pri-wizne-7-10-09-1939\/","title":{"rendered":"Po\u013eske Termopile- Bitka pr\u00ed Wizne 7.-10.09.1939."},"content":{"rendered":"

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 <\/p>\n

The\u00a0Battle of Wizna<\/strong>\u00a0was fought between September 7 and September 10, 1939, between the forces of Poland and Germany during the initial stages of\u00a0Invasion of Poland<\/a>. It was arguably the most\u00a0heroic<\/a>\u00a0battle in the campaign, in which according to latest sources under 720 Poles defended a fortified line for three days against more than 40,000 Germans.[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Although defeat was inevitable, the Polish defence stalled the attacking forces for three days and postponed the encirclement of\u00a0Independent Operational Group Narew<\/a>\u00a0fighting nearby.[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Eventually the tanks broke through the Polish line and eliminated all the bunkers one by one. The last bunker surrendered around midday on September 10.[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Because the battle consisted of a small force holding a piece of fortified territory against a vastly larger invasion for three days at great cost before being annihilated, Wizna is sometimes referred to as\u00a0Polish\u00a0Thermopylae<\/a><\/em>\u00a0in Polish culture.[4]<\/a>[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0One of the symbols of the battle is Captain\u00a0W\u0142adys\u0142aw Raginis<\/a>, the commanding officer of the Polish force, who swore not to surrender the position. When the last two bunkers under his command ran out of ammunition, he ordered his men to surrender their arms and committed suicide.<\/p>\n

Background<\/h3>\n

Before the war, the area of the village of\u00a0Wizna<\/a>\u00a0was prepared as a fortified line of defence. It was to shield the Polish positions further to the south and guard the crossing of the\u00a0Narew<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Biebrza<\/a>\u00a0rivers. The 9 kilometres (5.6\u00a0mi) long line of Polish defences stretched between the villages of\u00a0Ko\u0142odzieje<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Gr\u0105dy-Woniecko<\/a>, with Wizna in the centre. The line ran some 35 kilometres (22\u00a0mi) from the border with\u00a0East Prussia<\/a>, along an elevated\u00a0banks<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0Narew<\/a>\u00a0andBiebrza<\/a>\u00a0rivers.[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Units defending the line were subordinate to the Polish\u00a0Independent Operational Group Narew<\/a>\u00a0shielding\u00a0\u0141om\u017ca<\/a>\u00a0and providing defence of the northern approach to Warsaw.[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The Wizna fortified area was one of the most important nodes in Northern Poland, providing cover of both the river crossings, and the roads\u00a0\u0141om\u017ca<\/a>\u2013Bia\u0142ystok<\/a>\u00a0and roads towards\u00a0Brze\u015b\u0107 Litewski<\/a>\u00a0on the rear of Polish forces.<\/p>\n

The first\u00a0construction<\/a>\u00a0works were started in June 1939, only two months before the outbreak of World War II.[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The spot was chosen carefully: most of the concrete\u00a0bunkers<\/a>\u00a0were built on hills overlooking a swampy Narew River valley. They could be reached either through direct assault through the swamps or by attack along the causeway leading from the bridge in Wizna. Before September 1, 1939, only 16 bunkers were built out of 60 planned.[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Six of them were heavy concrete bunkers with reinforced steel cupolas (8 tons of weight), armed with machine guns and anti-tank artillery.[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Additional two were\u00a0light<\/a>\u00a0concrete bunkers, armed with machine guns only.[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The remaining eight were ad-hoc machine gun\u00a0pillboxes<\/a>, protected mostly by sandbags and earthworks. Four additional heavy bunkers were under construction at the moment World War II started. In addition, the area was reinforced with\u00a0trenches<\/a>, anti-tank and anti-personnel obstacles,\u00a0barbed wire<\/a>\u00a0lines and\u00a0land mines<\/a>. There were also plans of breaking the\u00a0dams<\/a>\u00a0on the\u00a0Biebrza<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Narew<\/a>\u00a0rivers to flood the area, but the summer of 1939 was one of the driest seasons in Polish history and the water level was too low.<\/p>\n

Although not all bunkers were ready by the beginning of the war, the Polish lines of defences were well-prepared. The walls of an average bunker, 1.5 metres thick and reinforced with 20-centimetre-thick steel plates, could withstand a direct hit from even the heaviest guns available to the\u00a0Wehrmacht<\/a>\u00a0at the time. The bunkers were situated on hills which gave good visibility of all the advancing forces.<\/p>\n

[edit<\/a>]Opposing forces<\/h3>\n

The Polish defensive line was initially manned by a single battalion from the\u00a071st Infantry Regiment<\/a>, commanded by Mjr.\u00a0Jakub Fober<\/a>. However, shortly before the outbreak of World War II it was reinforced with a machine gun company from\u00a0Osowiec Fortress<\/a>\u00a0under Capt.\u00a0W\u0142adys\u0142aw Raginis<\/a>, as well as numerous smaller detachments from a variety of units.[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0On September 2, 1939, the III\/71 battalion departed for Osowiec and Mjr. Fober passed command over Wizna to Raginis and his men. Altogether, the Polish defensive position was manned by 720 men: 20 officers and 700 NCOs and privates.[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0However, some sources claim that the Polish unit was even weaker and was no more than 360 men strong.[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Although the Polish units were almost entirely composed of conscripts mobilised in August 1939 rather than professional soldiers, their morale was very high.[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0After the war Guderian had trouble explaining why his Corps was stopped by such a small force. In his memoirs he attributes the delay to his officers „having trouble building bridges across the rivers“.[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0During the\u00a0Nuremberg Trials<\/a>\u00a0he remarked that Wizna was „well-defended by a local officer school“.[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Before the battle<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

On September 1, 1939, the\u00a0Polish Defensive War<\/a>\u00a0and World War II started. The German 3rd Army was to advance from\u00a0East Prussia<\/a>\u00a0towards\u00a0Warsaw<\/a>, directly through the positions of Polish\u00a0Narew Corps<\/a>. On September 2 Captain\u00a0W\u0142adys\u0142aw Raginis<\/a>\u00a0was named the commander of the Wizna area. As his command post he chose the „GG-126“ bunker near the village of\u00a0G\u00f3ra Str\u0119kowa<\/a>. The bunker was located on a hill in the exact centre of the Polish lines. His forces numbered approximately 700 soldiers and\u00a0NCOs<\/a>\u00a0and 20 officers armed with 6 pieces of artillery (75mm), 24HMGs<\/a>, 18\u00a0machine guns<\/a>\u00a0and two\u00a0Kb ppanc wz.35<\/a>\u00a0anti-tank rifles<\/a>.<\/p>\n

After initial clashes at the border, the\u00a0Podlaska Cavalry Brigade<\/a>\u00a0operating in the area, during the night of 3\/4 September was ordered to withdraw and on September 5 it left the area and marched toward\u00a0Ma\u0142y P\u0142ock<\/a>\u00a0to cross the river Narew. On September 3 Polish positions were spotted from the air and strafed with machine gun fire from enemy fighters.<\/p>\n

On September 7, 1939, the reconnaissance units of the\u00a010th Panzer Division<\/a>\u00a0of general\u00a0Nikolaus von Falkenhorst<\/a>\u00a0captured the village of Wizna. Polish mounted reconnaissance squads abandoned the village after a short fight and retreated to the southern bank of\u00a0Narew<\/a>. When German tanks tried to cross the bridge, it was blown up by Polish engineers. After dark, patrols of German infantry crossed the river and advanced towards Gie\u0142czyn, but were repelled with heavy casualties.<\/p>\n

On September 8 general\u00a0Heinz Guderian<\/a>, commander of the XIX Panzer Corps, was ordered to advance through\u00a0Wizna<\/a>\u00a0towards\u00a0Brze\u015b\u0107<\/a>. By early morning of September 9 his units reached the Wizna area and were joined with 10th Panzer Division and „L\u00f6tzen“ Brigade already present in the area. His forces numbered some 1 200 officers and 41 000 soldiers and NCOs, equipped with over 350\u00a0tanks<\/a>, 108\u00a0howitzers<\/a>, 58 pieces of artillery, 195 anti-tank guns, 108\u00a0mortars<\/a>, 188 grenade launchers, 288\u00a0heavy machine guns<\/a>\u00a0and 689\u00a0machine guns<\/a>. Altogether, his forces were some 60 times stronger than the Polish defenders.<\/p>\n

]Defence of Wizna<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

In the early morning German planes\u00a0dropped leaflets<\/a>\u00a0that urged the Poles to surrender and claimed that most of Poland was already in German hands, and that further resistance was futile. In order to strengthen the morale of his troops W\u0142adys\u0142aw Raginis and Lt. Brykalski swore that they would not leave their post alive and that resistance would continue.[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Soon after that a German artillery barrage and aerial bombardment started.[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The Polish artillery was much weaker and was soon forced to retreat towards\u00a0Bia\u0142ystok<\/a>. After preparation, the Germans attacked the northern flank of the Polish forces. Two platoons defending several bunkers located to the north of Narew were attacked from three sides by German tanks and infantry. Initially the losses among German infantry were high, but after heavy artillery fire the commander of the Gie\u0142czyn area, First Lieutenant Kiewlicz, was ordered to burn the wooden bridge over Narew and withdraw to\u00a0Bia\u0142ystok<\/a>. The remnants of his forces broke through the German encirclement and reached Bia\u0142ystok, where they joined the forces of general\u00a0Franciszek Kleeberg<\/a>.<\/p>\n

At the same time an assault on the southern part of Polish fortifications became a stalemate. The Polish bunkers lacked adequate anti-tank armament, but were able to rake the German infantry with machine gun fire. However, at 6 o’clock in the evening the Polish infantry was forced to abandon the trenches and field fortifications and retreat into the bunkers. The German tanks could finally cross the Polish lines and advance towards\u00a0Tykocin<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Zambr\u00f3w<\/a>. However, the German infantry was still under heavy fire and was pinned down in the swampy fields in front of the Polish bunkers.<\/p>\n

Although Raginis was subordinate to Lt.Col. Tadeusz Tabaczy\u0144ski, commander of the\u00a0Osowiec<\/a>\u00a0fortified area located some 30 kilometres to the north, he could not expect any reinforcements. On September 8 the\u00a0Marshal of Poland<\/a>,\u00a0Edward \u015amig\u0142y-Rydz<\/a>, ordered the 135th Infantry Regiment that constituted the reserves of both Osowiec and Wizna, to be withdrawn to Warsaw. When the order was withdrawn and the unit returned to Osowiec, it was already too late to help the isolated Poles at Wizna.<\/p>\n

Heavy fighting for each of the now isolated bunkers continued. Several assaults were repelled during the night and in the early morning of September 10.[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0At approximately 11 o’clock German engineers, with the help of tanks and artillery, finally managed to destroy all but two of the Polish bunkers. Both of them were located[10]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0in the centre of Str\u0119kowa G\u00f3ra and continued fighting despite having much of the crew wounded or incapacitated and most of their machine guns destroyed.\u00a0Heinz Guderian<\/a>, in an attempt to end the Polish resistance, threatened the Polish commander that he would shoot the\u00a0POWs<\/a>\u00a0if the remaining forces did not surrender.[11]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The resistance however continued for another hour, when a German envoy arrived carrying a\u00a0flag of truce<\/a>\u00a0and proposed a\u00a0cease fire<\/a>.[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0It lasted until approximately 1330 hours. Raginis, realising that all of his men were wounded and his ammunition was almost depleted, ordered his men to surrender their arms to the Germans. He himself – seriously injured at the time – refused to surrender and committed suicide by throwing himself on a grenade.[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Aftermath<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

After the Polish resistance ended, the\u00a0XIX Panzer Corps<\/a>\u00a0advanced towards\u00a0Wysokie Mazowieckie<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Zambr\u00f3w<\/a>, where it fought the unsuccessful\u00a0Battle of Zambr\u00f3w<\/a>\u00a0against the\u00a0Polish 18th Infantry Division<\/a>, finally encircling and destroying the Polish division during the\u00a0Battle of Andrzejewo<\/a>. Later it advanced further southwards and took part in the\u00a0Battle of Brze\u015b\u0107<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Although all the bunkers were destroyed and the Polish resistance was finally broken, the fortified area of Wizna managed to halt the German advance for three days.[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The heroic struggle against overwhelming odds is nowadays one of the symbols of the\u00a0Polish Defensive War<\/a>\u00a0of 1939 and is a part of Polish popular culture.<\/p>\n

\n

Casualties<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Exact Polish losses are unknown, mostly because very little is known of the soldiers that were taken as\u00a0prisoners of war<\/a>\u00a0by the Germans. Out of 720 Polish soldiers only approximately 70 survived.[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Some successfully withdrew and reached the Polish lines, others were taken prisoner. Some of the prisoners were subsequently killed by the Germans, others were beaten and abused but survived and were eventually taken to POW camps.[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

German losses are not known either. Official release by the Wehrmacht mentioned „several dozen dead“.[13]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0It is however known that at least several hundred bodies of fallen German soldiers were exhumed from a local war cemetery.[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><\/p>\n

In his diaries general\u00a0Heinz Guderian<\/a>\u00a0noted that 900 German soldiers were killed in action, although that number is probably underrated. The\u00a0Wehrmacht<\/a>\u00a0lost at least 10 tanks and several other\u00a0AFVs<\/a>\u00a0in the struggle.[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><\/p>\n

\n

In popular culture<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Battle of Wizna is the theme of one of the songs on the\u00a0The Art of War<\/a><\/em>[14]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0album by the Swedish Metal band\u00a0Sabaton<\/a>, entitled „40:1“, for an estimated ratio of forces on both sides of battle (in fact, with 42,200 Germans and 720 Poles, it is 58:1). How ever the title along with the lyrics of the song makes it clear that it compares the Polish forces with that of the legendary 300 spartan warriors at the battle of Thermopylae.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. ^\u00a0i<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0Moczulski, p.765<\/li>\n
  2. ^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Dobro\u0144ski, p.21<\/li>\n
  3. ^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Moczulski, p.767<\/li>\n
  4. ^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Wi\u015bniewski, op.cit.<\/li>\n
  5. ^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Krajewski, pp.16-17<\/li>\n
  6. ^\u00a0i<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0c<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0d<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0e<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0f<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0g<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0h<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0i<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0j<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0Komorowski, p.448<\/li>\n
  7. ^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Zychowicz, p. A6<\/li>\n
  8. ^\u00a0i<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0c<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0Wojskowy Przegl\u0105d Historyczny<\/em>\u00a0(1960), p.246<\/li>\n
  9. ^\u00a0i<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0b<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0c<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0d<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0Komorowski, p.451<\/li>\n
  10. ^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a053\u00b012\u203245\u2033N\u00a022\u00b029\u203223\u2033E<\/a>Coordinates<\/a>:\u00a053\u00b012\u203245\u2033N\u00a022\u00b029\u203223\u2033E<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. ^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Williamson, p.180:\u00a0Guderian surrendered to the Americans but was not charged with war crimes, despite the Poles insisting that he had threatened to shoot Polish PoWs at the battle of Wizna unless their Polish commander ordered an immediate capitulation.<\/em><\/li>\n
  12. ^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Wi\u015bniewski, 29<\/li>\n
  13. ^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Wi\u015bniewski, 35<\/li>\n
  14. ^<\/a><\/strong>\u00a040:1 Music Video by Sabaton<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    wikipedia\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Bitwa pod Wizn\u0105<\/p>\n

    Wizna 1939: 7-10 wrze\u015bnia 1939 r.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Odcinek „Wizna“ nad Narwi\u0105 jest miejscem, w kt\u00f3rym batalion polski przez dwie doby odpiera\u0142 atak niemieckiej dywizji pancernej. Starcie przesz\u0142o do historii jakobitwa pod Wizn\u0105\u00a0<\/strong>lub\u00a0obrona Wizny\u00a0<\/strong>. Dowodz\u0105cy tym odcinkiem,\u00a0kapitan W\u0142adys\u0142aw Raginis<\/strong>, widz\u0105c, \u017ce ju\u017c nie ma \u017cadnych szans na zwyci\u0119stwo wyda\u0142 \u017co\u0142nierzom rozkaz przej\u015b\u0107 na ty\u0142y, a sam pope\u0142ni\u0142 samob\u00f3jstwo. Walczy\u0142 on do ko\u0144ca odrzucaj\u0105c mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 z\u0142o\u017cenia broni.<\/p>\n

    Bitwa pod Wizn\u0105 – por\u00f3wnanie si\u0142 walcz\u0105cych stron<\/p>\n

    Kapitan Raginis posiada\u0142 bardzo ma\u0142e si\u0142y i \u015brodki do walki z nieprzyjacielem. By\u0142y one niewielkie by obroni\u0107 dziewi\u0119ciokilometrowy odcinek „Wizna“.\u00a0 W ich sk\u0142ad wchodzi\u0142y: 3 kampania forteczna ci\u0119\u017ckich karabin\u00f3w maszynowych, 8 kampania strzelecka 3 batalionem 135 pu\u0142ku piechoty oraz pluton konnych zwiadowc\u00f3w, 136 rezerwowa kompania saper\u00f3w, trzy plutony armat 75 mm, pluton pionier\u00f3w. W sumie za\u0142oga obrony odcinka „Wizna“ liczy\u0142a siedemset szeregowc\u00f3w i podoficer\u00f3w oraz dwudziestu oficer\u00f3w. Uzbrojenie jej sk\u0142ada\u0142o si\u0119 z pi\u0119ciu armat 75 mm, 24 cekaem\u00f3w, 18 erkaem\u00f3w i dw\u00f3ch karabin\u00f3w przeciw pancernych.
    \nSi\u0142y te rozmieszczono na poszczeg\u00f3lne odcinki. Na odcinku „W\u0142och\u00f3wka – Sulin- Strumi\u0142owo“ pozycj\u0119 zaj\u0105\u0142 pluton strzelecki wzmocniony dru\u017cyn\u0105 ci\u0119\u017ckich karabin\u00f3w maszynowych za\u0142oga schronu bojowego z trzema cekaemami oraz pluton pionier\u00f3w. Odcinkiem dowodzi\u0142 porucznik Jan Zawadzki.
    \nOdcinek „Smolne – W\u0142och\u00f3wka“ broni\u0142a za\u0142oga schronu bojowego z trzema cekaemami i dru\u017cyn\u0105 strzeleck\u0105 z 2 erkaemami. Podporucznik rezerwy Lucjan Kami\u0144ski dowodzi\u0142 tym odcinkiem.
    \nPododcinek „Gie\u0142czyn“, kt\u00f3ry ci\u0105gn\u0105\u0142 si\u0119 od Gie\u0142czyna do Ko\u0142odzieje, posiada\u0142 dwie za\u0142ogi schron\u00f3w bojowych z sze\u015bcioma erkaemami oraz pluton strzelecki. Dow\u00f3dc\u0105 by\u0142 porucznik Witold Kiewlicz. Za\u0142oga z sze\u015bcioma cekaemami oraz pluton „szturmowy“ wydzielony z kompanii fortecznej obsadza\u0142y schrony bojowe w G\u00f3rze Str\u0119kowej i w Kurpikach.
    \nPododcinka „Kurpiki“\u00a0\u00a0od Kurpik do Waliszewa, broni\u0142a 8 kompania\u00a0 strzelecka bez dw\u00f3ch pluton\u00f3w oraz za\u0142oga schronu bojowego w Maliszewie z 3 cekaemami\u00a0 – dowodzi\u0142 nimi Wac\u0142aw Schmidt.
    \nW lesie za G\u00f3r\u0105 Str\u0119kow\u0105 zosta\u0142a rozmieszczona artyleria, kt\u00f3r\u0105 dowodzi\u0142 porucznik Stanis\u0142aw Brykalski. Sk\u0142ada\u0142a si\u0119 ona z 5 armat i plutonu piechoty, kt\u00f3ry zosta\u0142 wysuni\u0119ty w rejon mostu. Pluton zwiadu konnego z 3 erkaemami rozpoznawa\u0142 teren wzd\u0142u\u017c drogi Jedwabne – Wizna.    2<\/a><\/p>\n

    Przeciwnikiem Kapitana W\u0142adys\u0142awa Raginisa by\u0142 Genera\u0142 Guderian, kt\u00f3ry 8 wrze\u015bnia 1939 zaproponowa\u0142 Naczelnemu Dow\u00f3dztwu, aby XIX korpus pancerny pozostawi\u0107 pod rozkazami dow\u00f3dcy Grupy Armii „P\u00f3\u0142noc“ i wprowadzi\u0107 go do walki na lewo od 3 armii przez Wizn\u0119 – Bielsk w kierunku na Brze\u015b\u0107. Pomys\u0142 ten zosta\u0142 zaakceptowany przez dow\u00f3dc\u0119 Grypy Armia „P\u00f3\u0142noc“, genera\u0142a Fedora von Bocka i Naczelne Dow\u00f3dztwo. S k\u0142ad XIX korpusu pancernego by\u0142 nast\u0119puj\u0105cy: 3 dywizja pancerna genera\u0142a von Shweppenburga i 20 dywizja zmotoryzowana genera\u0142a Wiktorina. Zadaniem tych dywizji by\u0142 jak najszybsze dotarcie do Wizny i rozpocz\u0119cie ataku. Dodatkowo w sk\u0142ad korpusu wesz\u0142y: 10 dywizja pancerna genera\u0142a Schaala oraz brygada forteczna „L\u00f3tzen“ pu\u0142kownika Galla, kt\u00f3re walczy\u0142y ju\u017c pod Wizn\u0105. Plan przewidywa\u0142 nast\u0119puj\u0105co ugrupowanie si\u0142 korpusu: 10 dywizja pancerna, 20 dywizja zmotoryzowana i brygada forteczna „Lotzen“ – w pierwszym rzucie; 3 dywizja pancerna – w drugim rzucie. Og\u00f3lnie w sk\u0142ad ca\u0142ej za\u0142ogi liczy\u0142 czterysta pi\u0119\u0107dziesi\u0105t czo\u0142g\u00f3w, setki dzia\u0142 i mo\u017adzierzy. Czterdzie\u015bci trzy tysi\u0105ce \u017co\u0142nierzy i oficer\u00f3w. Ponadto korpus wspierany by\u0142 przez pu\u0142k lotnictwa szturmowego.
    \nNa odcinku „Wizna“ star\u0142y si\u0119 ze sob\u0105 cztery wielkie jednostki Niemc\u00f3w wraz z wsparciem lotniczym oraz armia \u017co\u0142nierzy polskich sk\u0142adaj\u0105ca si\u0119 z siedmiuset dwudziestu \u017co\u0142nierzy i oficer\u00f3w.    3<\/a><\/p>\n

    Bitwa pod Wizn\u0105 – mapa<\/p>\n

    Obrona Wizny – opis wydarze\u0144<\/p>\n

    Bagno Wizna by\u0142o terenem trudno dost\u0119pnym. Zachodnie brzegi rzeki Narwi i Biebrzy g\u00f3rowa\u0142y nad dolin\u0105 i dawa\u0142y nieprzyjacielowi mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 ogl\u0105dania polskich pozycji. Odcinek obrony „Wizna“ sk\u0142ada\u0142 si\u0119 z 9 km i by\u0142 podzielony przez Narew na dwie cz\u0119\u015bci p\u00f3\u0142nocn\u0105 – Gie\u0142czyn i Ko\u0142odzieje\u00a0i po\u0142udniow\u0105 – G\u00f3ra Str\u0119kowa, Maliszewo. G\u0142\u00f3wna linia Oborny przebiega\u0142a na wsch\u00f3d od linii bagien. Pozycj\u0119 wysuni\u0119to umieszczono nad rzeka w rejonie Wizny oraz we W\u0142och\u00f3wce i Sulinie.\u00a0 Odcinek „Wizna“ broni\u0142 dr\u00f3g w G\u00f3rze Str\u0119kowej, kt\u00f3re prowadzi\u0142y na Bia\u0142ystok i Zambr\u00f3w. Przej\u015bcie przez zabagniona dolin\u0119 umo\u017cliwia\u0142 most na trasie Wizna – Bia\u0142ystok.
    \nW kwietniu 1939 rozpocz\u0119to budow\u0119 umocnie\u0144 na odcinku obrony „Wizna“. Budowane schrony by\u0142y skierowane frontem do linii Narwi i Biebrzy. Strzelnice znajdowa\u0142y si\u0119 z bok\u00f3w schronu. Schrony ubezpiecza\u0142y r\u00f3wnocze\u015bnie ogniem s\u0105siedni schron. Kopu\u0142y pancerne s\u0142u\u017cy\u0142y do obserwacji i ostrzeliwania wroga.
    \nSchron dow\u00f3dcy odcinka obrony mia\u0142 kryptonim „GG-126″. By\u0142 prostok\u0105tem o zaokr\u0105glonych kraw\u0119dziach. W \u015brodku znajdowa\u0142o si\u0119 osiem kom\u00f3r, kt\u00f3re by\u0142y przeznaczone do r\u00f3\u017cnych zada\u0144. Drzwi wej\u015bciowe by\u0142y pancerne i znajdowa\u0142y si\u0119 na tyle. By uniemo\u017cliwi\u0107 wykrycie w\u0142a\u015bciwej kopu\u0142y wykonano kilka innych kopu\u0142. Dwa schrony bojowe znajdowa\u0142y si\u0119 w okolicach Sulina i W\u0142och\u00f3wka. Na ca\u0142ym odcinku ‚Wizna“ wybudowano sze\u015b\u0107 ci\u0119\u017ckich oraz sze\u015b\u0107 \u015brednich schron\u00f3w bojowych.    4<\/a><\/p>\n

    Bitwa pod Wizn\u0105: 7 wrze\u015bnia 1939<\/p>\n

    Zauwa\u017cono si\u0142y pancerno-motorowe, kt\u00f3re kierowa\u0142y si\u0119 na Jedwabne. Gdy nieprzyjaciel wjecha\u0142 do Jedwabnego zaatakowa\u0142 rynek i g\u0142\u00f3wn\u0105 ulic\u0119. Nast\u0119pnie zosta\u0142a ostrzelana plac\u00f3wka zwiadu konnego, kt\u00f3ra znajdowa\u0142a si\u0119 przy drodze Jedwabne – Kotowo. We wsi Boguszki patrol pancerno-motorowy zosta\u0142 ostrzelany przez Polak\u00f3w. W okolicach wsi M\u0119czki ponownie dosz\u0142o do natarcia i rozbicia plutonu. Pod wiecz\u00f3r nast\u0105pi\u0142 nalot samolot\u00f3w.\u00a0Oko\u0142o godz. 17-tej pierwsze czo\u0142gi wroga wjecha\u0142y na most. I nagle pojawi\u0142 si\u0119 pot\u0119\u017cny wybuch. Plutonowy J\u00f3zef Oleksy wyda\u0142 rozkaz wysadzenia mostu. We W\u0142och\u00f3wce\u00a0kapral Franciszek Pawlak skosi\u0142 ci\u0119\u017ckim karabinem maszynowym wszystkich Niemc\u00f3w.\u00a0Czo\u0142gi nieprzyjaciela zosta\u0142y wycofane z rynku w Wiznie.
    \nW nocy z 7 na 8 wrze\u015bnia pr\u00f3bowano zniszczy\u0107 przepraw\u0119 promow\u0105 na Narwi w Niwkowie, jednak Niemcy zauwa\u017cyli ruch na promie i ostrzelali go. Pionierzy wycofali si\u0119, jednak wcze\u015bniej wysadzili prom.    5<\/a><\/p>\n

    Bitwa pod Wizn\u0105: 8 wrze\u015bnia<\/p>\n

    Rankiem kilkana\u015bcie samolot\u00f3w ostrzela\u0142o i zbombardowa\u0142o Kurpiki, G\u00f3r\u0119 Str\u0119kow\u0105 i Gie\u0142czyn. Zaatakowano tak\u017ce Wizn\u0119, Wierciszewo i Sieburczyn, gdzie do tych miejscowo\u015bci zbli\u017cy\u0142a si\u0119 10 dywizja pancerna oraz brygada forteczna „Lotzen“. Pluton saper\u00f3w z brygady fortecznej „Lotzen“ przeprawi\u0142 si\u0119 przez Biebrz\u0119, jednak mg\u0142a sprawi\u0142a, \u017ce straci\u0142 orientacj\u0119, co zosta\u0142o wykorzystane przez polskich \u017co\u0142nierzy, kt\u00f3rzy wzi\u0119li ca\u0142y pluton do niewoli. Zosta\u0142a ostrzelana podchodz\u0105ca z Jedwabnego do Wizny kolumna pancerno-motorowa 10 dywizji pancernej. G\u0142\u00f3wna pozycja obrony zosta\u0142a dwukrotnie zbombardowana. Ponownie ucierpia\u0142y miejscowo\u015bci: Kurpiki, G\u00f3ra Str\u0119kowa i Gie\u0142czyn. Artyleria niemiecka rozpocz\u0119\u0142a ostrzeliwanie pozycji g\u0142\u00f3wnej. Polska artyleria prze\u0142ama\u0142a pr\u00f3b\u0119 przedostania si\u0119 wroga przez Biebrz\u0119. \u017bo\u0142nierze niemieccy wsparci ogniem z mo\u017adzierzy przypu\u015bcili atak na W\u0142och\u00f3wk\u0119. Zostali jednak zatrzymani przez ogie\u0144 broni maszynowej ze schronu bojowego. Walki te sprawi\u0142y, \u017ce W\u0142och\u00f3wka i Smolarze trawi\u0142 ogie\u0144.
    \nUda\u0142o si\u0119 jednak Polkom odrzuci\u0107 nieprzyjaciela od W\u0142och\u00f3wki.\u00a0Przesta\u0142a istnie\u0107 Czata jako punkt oporu.    6<\/a><\/p>\n

    Bitwa pod Wizn\u0105: 9 wrze\u015bnia<\/p>\n

    Pododcinek „Gie\u0142czyn“ zosta\u0142 zaatakowany ogniem artylerii. Bombardowania doprowadzi\u0142y do sp\u0142oni\u0119cia miejscowo\u015bci Gie\u0142czyn.. 20 dywizja zmotoryzowana ruszy\u0142a w kierunku Gr\u0105dy – Woniecko, odrzucili oni polskie ubezpieczenia znad rzeki Narew w kierunku Gr\u0105dy – Woniecko. \u017bo\u0142nierze ubezpieczenia do\u0142\u0105czyli do pluton strzeleckiego, kt\u00f3ry zajmowa\u0142 tutaj stanowiska ogniowe. Pod dow\u00f3dztwem podporucznika Przybylskiego \u017co\u0142nierze odpierali kolejne ataki wroga, a\u017c do wyczerpania amunicji. Po czym wycofali si\u0119 do miejscowo\u015bci Gr\u0105dy – Woniecko.\u00a0 Na ca\u0142ym odcinku „Wizna“ prowadzony by\u0142 przez Niemc\u00f3w atak artylerii oraz atakowali wykryte schrony bojowe.\u00a0 Nie wykryto jeszcze schronu na G\u00f3rze Str\u0119kowej. Podczas ostrza\u0142u artyleryjskiego zosta\u0142a zerwana \u0142\u0105czno\u015b\u0107 mi\u0119dzy stanowiskiem ogniowym polskiej artylerii a schronem obserwacyjno – bojowym. Kapral Wi\u015bniewski natychmiast naprawi\u0142 \u0142\u0105czno\u015b\u0107. Kapitan Tadeusz Nar\u00f3g wyda\u0142 rozkaz dostarczenia przez strzelca Seweryna Biega\u0144skiego do Kapitana Raginisa, widomo\u015bci o nast\u0119puj\u0105cej tre\u015bci: „Bez rozkazu nie wolno\u00a0mu opuszcza\u0107 obrony odcinka „Wizna“. Gdy Biega\u0144ski dotar\u0142 do schronu trwa\u0142y tam walki. Na skutek d\u0142ugotrwa\u0142ego ostrza\u0142u sytuacja w schronie by\u0142a bardzo ci\u0119\u017cka. Pole walki zajmowali polegli \u017co\u0142nierze niemieccy, a wzd\u0142u\u017c szosy Wizna – G\u00f3ra Str\u0119kowa wraki woz\u00f3w bojowych rozbitych przez polskie armaty.\u00a0 Brygada forteczna „Lotzen“ prowadzi\u0142a ataki na pododcinku „Gie\u0142czyn“. Jednak op\u00f3r \u017co\u0142nierzy polskich w kierunku G\u00f3ry Str\u0119kowej sprawi\u0142, \u017ce Niemcy pr\u00f3bowali prze\u0142ama\u0107 obron\u0119 pod Gie\u0142czynem by wej\u015b\u0107 na ty\u0142y odcinka obrony „Wizna“. Cho\u0107 walki by\u0142y zaciek\u0142e to za\u0142oga obu schron\u00f3w na pododcinku „Gie\u0142czyn“ broni\u0142a si\u0119 nadal. Niemcy chc\u0105c prze\u0142ama\u0107 obron\u0119 sprowadzili armaty przeciwpancerne oraz dzia\u0142a polowe by ogniem zniszczy\u0107 schrony.\u00a0W lasku gie\u0142czy\u0144skim zosta\u0142 wykonany kontratak, kt\u00f3ry powstrzyma\u0142 Niemc\u00f3w przed uderzeniem na schrony od ty\u0142u. W kopu\u0142\u0119 pancern\u0105 schronu dowodzonego przez porucznika Kiewlicza\u00a0trafi\u0142 ogie\u0144 nieprzyjaciela. Na skutek uszkodzenia schronu \u017co\u0142nierze wraz z porucznikiem Kiewliczem wycofali si\u0119 na ty\u0142y.\u00a0Porucznik Kiewlicz otrzyma\u0142 rozkaz zniszczenia mostu w G\u00f3rze Str\u0119kowej. Wraz kapralem Pawlakiem podpali\u0142 most. 10 dywizja pancerna rozpocz\u0119\u0142a atak wzd\u0142u\u017c szosy w kierunku G\u00f3ry Str\u0119kowej i Kurpik. Odcinek obrony od Waliszewa do G\u00f3ry Str\u0119kowej zosta\u0142 zaatakowany przez lotnictwo i ogie\u0144 artylerii. Sta\u0142o si\u0119 to przyczyn\u0105 po\u017caru, kt\u00f3ry trawi\u0142 ca\u0142y odcinek. Niemcom uda\u0142o si\u0119 zdoby\u0107 schron w Kurpikach dowodzony przez kapitana Wac\u0142awa Schmidta. Umo\u017cliwi\u0142o to otwarcie cz\u0119\u015bciowo drogi na ty\u0142y polskiej obrony.\u00a0Broni\u0142y si\u0119 jeszcze dwa schrony bojowe w G\u00f3rze Str\u0119kowej, kt\u00f3re zosta\u0142y ostrzelane przez 10 dywizj\u0119 pancern\u0105. Pod ostrza\u0142em by\u0142a tak\u017ce szosa Wizna – G\u00f3ra Str\u0119kowa. Nieprzyjaciel podj\u0105\u0142 pr\u00f3b\u0119\u00a0ostrzelania lasu, napotka\u0142 si\u0119 jednak na stanowiska dw\u00f3ch ci\u0119\u017ckich karabin\u00f3w maszynowych. Punkty te powstrzyma\u0142y dalsze ataki na las. 20 dywizja zmotoryzowana podj\u0119\u0142a ataki w kierunku Gr\u0105dy – Woniecko- Kalin\u00f3wka.\u00a0Spotka\u0142a si\u0119 ona z oporem plutonu piechoty z kompanii marszowej oraz grupy \u017co\u0142nierzy z ci\u0119\u017ckim karabinem maszynowym. Walczono przy braku amunicji z u\u017cyciem tylko granat\u00f3w oraz w walce wr\u0119cz. Uda\u0142o si\u0119 powstrzyma\u0107 natarcie Niemc\u00f3w. Wieczorem Niemcy okr\u0105\u017cyli dwa schrony bojowe na G\u00f3rze Str\u0119kowej. Podj\u0119li oni dwie pr\u00f3by ataku na schron, spotkali si\u0119 jednak z ogniem broni maszynowej. Sytuacja w schronach by\u0142a krytyczna, a wyj\u015bcie z nich niemo\u017cliwe, gdy\u017c ka\u017cde uchylenie drzwi powodowa\u0142o lawin\u0119 ognia broni maszynowej nieprzyjaciela.7<\/a><\/p>\n

    Bitwa pod Wizn\u0105: 10 wrze\u015bnia<\/p>\n

    20 dywizja zmotoryzowana zaatakowa\u0142a i zaj\u0119\u0142a miejscowo\u015b\u0107 Rutki. Dalsze natarcie dywizji zosta\u0142o powstrzymane przez 2 pu\u0142k u\u0142an\u00f3w przed wschodnim skrajem lasu Ko\u0142omyja. Dzi\u0119ki walce u\u0142an\u00f3w pozycj\u0119 t\u0119 utrzymano przez ca\u0142y dzie\u0144. Droga na \u0141om\u017c\u0119 by\u0142a blokowana przez pu\u0142k. Rankiem do schronu bojowego na G\u00f3rze Str\u0119kowej podszed\u0142 z bia\u0142\u0105 flaga parlamentariusz niemiecki i przekaza\u0142 on ultimatum dow\u00f3dztwa „Je\u015bli polski dow\u00f3dca nie podda schron\u00f3w to wszyscy je\u0144cy wzi\u0119ci z tego odcinka zostan\u0105 rozstrzelani“. Kapitanowi Raginisowi nie pozosta\u0142o nic innego jak rozkaza\u0107 \u017co\u0142nierzom by z\u0142o\u017cyli bro\u0144 w schronie i wyszli na zewn\u0105trz. Ostatnim, kt\u00f3ry opu\u015bci\u0142 schron by\u0142 strzelec Seweryn Biega\u0144ski.\u00a0 W schronie pozosta\u0142 jedynie Kapitan Raginis, kt\u00f3ry\u00a0dochowuj\u0105c z\u0142o\u017conej przysi\u0119gi, \u017ce \u017cywy nie opu\u015bci powierzonej sobie pozycji pope\u0142ni\u0142 samob\u00f3jstwo.\u00a08<\/a><\/p>\n

    Obrona Wizny -podsumowanie<\/p>\n

    \u017bo\u0142nierze obrony odcinka „Wizna“ przeszli do historii jako bohaterowie,\u00a0cho\u0107 ich losy by\u0142y r\u00f3\u017cne. Niekt\u00f3rzy zgin\u0119li, cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 dosta\u0142a si\u0119 do niewoli. Byli te\u017c tacy, kt\u00f3rym uda\u0142o si\u0119 wycofa\u0107. Walczyli oni dalej pod Bia\u0142ymstokiem, Kockiem. Z 8 kompani strzeleckiej ocala\u0142o tylko 86 \u017co\u0142nierzy. Straty poni\u00f3s\u0142 te\u017c pluton konnych zawiadowc\u00f3w oraz artylerzy\u015bci odcinka „Wizna“. Z 3 kampanii fortecznej ocala\u0142y jedynie za\u0142ogi pododcinka „Gie\u0142czyn“ dowodzonego przez Witolda Kiewlicza. Do\u0142\u0105czy\u0142 do nich pluton pionier\u00f3w oraz wielu pojedynczych \u017co\u0142nierzy spo\u015br\u00f3d \u0142\u0105czno\u015bciowc\u00f3w i artylerzyst\u00f3w. Ok. 70 pozosta\u0142ych przy \u017cyciu \u017co\u0142nierzy kompanii fortecznej wzi\u0119to do niewoli. Je\u0144c\u00f3w obrony odcinka „Wizna“ przewieziono do Bia\u0142ej, a nast\u0119pnie do K\u0119trzyna, gdzie umieszczono ich w wiezieniu.\u00a0 Nie wiadomo jakie straty ponios\u0142a za\u0142oga niemiecka. Jest pewne, \u017ce s\u0105 one du\u017ce.9<\/a>
    \nObrona odcinka „Wizna“ by\u0142a jedyn\u0105 w swoim rodzaju bitw\u0105, gdzie spotka\u0142y si\u0119 takie r\u00f3\u017cnice si\u0142. Cho\u0107 przewaga wojsk niemieckich by\u0142a ogromna, to obro\u0144cy pod dow\u00f3dztwem kapitana Raginisa walczyli do ko\u0144ca. Uda\u0142o im si\u0119 powstrzyma\u0107 przez dwie doby dywizj\u0119 XIX korpusu pancernego genera\u0142a Heinza Guderiana.\u00a0 Bitwa pod Wizn\u0105 op\u00f3\u017ani\u0142a o dwa dni podej\u015bcie wojsk niemieckich nad Wis\u0142\u0119.\u00a0 Punkt oporu w okolicach Wizny nazywany jest „Polskimi Termopilami“. Bitwa pod Wizn\u0105 sta\u0142a si\u0119 symbolem bohaterstwa \u017co\u0142nierzy polskich.<\/p>\n

    autor: \u00a0Katarzyna Borawska, zrodlo: internet<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      The\u00a0Battle of Wizna\u00a0was fought between September 7 and September 10, 1939, between the forces of Poland and Germany during the initial stages of\u00a0Invasion of Poland. It was arguably the most\u00a0heroic\u00a0battle in the campaign, in which according to latest sources under 720 Poles defended a fortified line for three days against more than 40,000 Germans.[1]\u00a0Although […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-z-dejin-polska-zaujimavosti-novinky-aktuality"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/527","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/63"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=527"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/527\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=527"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=527"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozpolonus.sk\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}